本书通过螺旋方法来解释操作系统。在讲解各种进程及其他概念时，螺旋方法在开始的时候就帮助学生完全理解了一个简单、实用的完整操作系统，这样就使得教师不必不断地“跳转话题”。这是一种非常有效的教学方法，能够激励学生去探索更高级的概念。

操作系统实用教程 螺旋方法
本书采用螺旋方法和深度导向方法讲解操作系统原理。首先介绍一些基本的背景和定义，然后描述一个非常简单的操作系统，之后将它演化为具有更多特性的更复杂的操作系统。这样循序渐进、逐步深入，可以使学生更透彻地理解操作系统的本质。
本书分为六个部分：第一部分介绍一些总体背景信息；第二部分采用螺旋方法，按照复杂度递增的次序，介绍五类操作系统；第三部分到第五部分采用深度导向方法详细地探讨操作系统的各个主题：从进程到内存管理，再到文件系统；第六部分通过三个实例更深入地研究这些系统的特性是如何实现的。
本书特色
对于所讨论的操作系统，书中适当介绍一些当时的行业历史，有时还涉及关键的企业或个人，这样能帮助学生更好地理解操作系统。
涵盖在设备中的现代操作系统，而不仅仅是通常的计算机中的操作系统。
讨论算法级解决方案，而没有列出实际代码，便于使用不同编程语言实现。
每章末都有一些练习题，便于学生巩固所学知识。
作者简介
Ramez Elmasri　得克萨斯大学阿灵顿分校教授。他于1980年在美国斯坦福大学获得计算机科学硕士和博士学位。其研究兴趣是传感器网络和RFID、生物信息介质、查询个性化和系统集成。
A. Gil Carrick　曾执教于得克萨斯大学阿灵顿分校。他是计算机科学荣誉协会Upsilon Pi Epsilon的成员。
David Levine　一直讲授操作系统、软件工程、网络和计算体系结构等课程。他的研究兴趣包括移动计算、移动对象和分布式计算。

Preface viii
Par t 1
Operating Systems Overview
and Background 1
Chapter 1
Getting Started 3
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 What Are Operating Systems
All about? 5
1.3 User versus System View of an OS 6
1.4 Some OS Terms, Basic Concepts,
and Illustrations 10
1.5 A Small Historical Diversion 15
1.6 Summary 17
Chapter 2
Operating System Concepts, Components,
and Architectures 19
2.1 Introduction: What Does the OS
Do? 20
2.2 Resources Managed by the OS
and Major OS Modules 22
2.3 The Process Concept
and OS Process Information 25
2.4 Functional Classes of OSs 29
2.5 Architectural Approaches to Building
an OS 33
2.6 Some OS Implementation Techniques
and Issues 35
2.7 Minimalist versus Maximalist Approaches
to OS Functionality
and Backward Compatibility 40
2.8 Summary 42
Par t 2
Building Operating Systems
Incrementally: A Breadth-Oriented
Spiral Approach 45
Chapter 3
A Simple, Single-Process
Operating System 47
3.1 Introduction: Monitors and CP/M 48
3.2 Characteristics of a Simple PC System 50
3.3 Input/Output Management 52
3.4 Disk Management and the File System 54
3.5 Process and Memory Management 58
3.6 Summary 63
Chapter 4
A Single-User Multitasking
Operating System 67
4.1 Introduction: A Simple Multitasking
System 69
4.2 The Palm OS Environment
and System Layout 71
4.3 Process Scheduling 73
4.4 Memory Management 75
4.5 File Support 80
4.6 Basic Input and Output 82
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Table of Contents v
4.7 Display Management 82
4.8 Event-Driven Programs 84
4.9 Summary 86
Chapter 5
A Single-User Multitasking/Multithreading
Operating System 89
5.1 Introduction 89
5.2 The Origin of the Macintosh Computer 90
5.3 The Macintosh OS-System 1 91
5.4 System 2 96
5.5 System 3 98
5.6 System 4 98
5.7 System 5 100
5.8 System 6 101
5.9 System 7 101
5.10 System 8 105
5.11 System 9 107
5.12 Mac OS X 109
5.13 Summary 111
Chapter 6
A Multiple-User Operating
System 113
6.1 Introduction 113
6.2 The Multiuser OS Environment 121
6.3 Processes and Threads 123
6.4 Summary 125
Chapter 7
Parallel and Distributed Computing, Clusters,
and Grids 127
7.1 Introduction 127
7.2 Key Concepts 128
7.3 Parallel and Distributed Processing 128
7.4 Distributed System Architectures 132
7.5 How Operating System Concepts Differ
in SMPs, Clusters, and Grids 138
7.6 Examples 142
7.7 Summary 147
Par t 3
CPU and Memory
Management 149
Chapter 8
Process Management: Concepts, Threads,
and Scheduling 151
8.1 Introduction to Processes 152
8.2 Process Descriptor-Process
Control Block 152
8.3 Process States and Transitions 154
8.4 Process Scheduling 156
8.5 One Good Process Deserves Another 164
8.6 Threads 166
8.7 Case Studies 173
8.7 Summary 178
Chapter 9
More Process Management: Interprocess
Communication, Synchronization,
and Deadlocks 181
9.1 Why Have Cooperating Processes? 182
9.2 Interprocess Communication 184
9.3 Synchronization 190
9.4 Deadlocks 197
9.5 Summary 206
Chapter 10
Basic Memory Management 209
10.1 Introduction: Why Manage
Primary Memory? 209
10.2 Binding Model: Steps
in Development Cycle 210
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10.3 A Single Process 211
10.4 Multiple Processes with a Fixed Number
of Processes 216
10.5 Multiple Processes with a Variable Number
of Processes 218
10.6 Summary 223
Chapter 11
Advanced Memory Management 225
11.1 Why Do We Need Hardware Help? 225
11.2 Paging 226
11.3 Segmentation 233
11.4 Segmentation with Paging 236
11.5 Demand Paging 238
11.6 Special Memory Management Topics 248
11.7 Summary 252
Par t 4
A Depth-Oriented Presentation of OS
Concepts: Files Systems
and Input/Output 255
Chapter 12
File Systems-Basics 257
12.1 Introduction 258
12.2 Directories 259
12.3 Access Methods 265
12.4 Free Space Tracking 269
12.5 File Allocation 273
12.6 Summary 280
Chapter 13
File Systems-Examples
and More Features 283
13.1 Introduction 283
13.2 Case Studies 284
13.3 Mounting 288
13.4 Multiple File Systems and Redirection 290
13.5 Memory Mapped Files 292
13.6 File System Utilities 293
13.7 Log-Based File Systems 294
13.8 Summary 295
Chapter 14
Disk Scheduling
and Input/Output Management 297
14.1 Introduction 297
14.2 Device Characteristics 298
14.3 I/O Technology 299
14.4 Physical Disk Organization 302
14.5 Logical Disk Organization 305
14.6 RAID 309
14.7 Disk Operation Scheduling 314
14.8 DMA and Disk Hardware Features 322
14.9 Summary 325
Par t 5
Networks, Distributed Systems,
and Security 329
Chapter 15
Introduction to Computer Networks 331
15.1 Why Do We Want
to Network Computers? 332
15.2 The Basics 333
15.3 Application Layer Protocols 338
15.4 TCP/IP 341
15.5 The Data Link Layer 345
15.6 WANs 350
15.7 The Physical Layer 352
15.8 Network Management 354
15.9 Summary 356
Chapter 16
Protection and Security 359
16.1 Introduction: Problems and
Threats 360
16.2 OS Protection 366
vi Table of Contents
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计算机\操作系统